Part One: The Rise of Rome

1. Themes and Perspectives: Rome and Its Mediterranean Environment
2. Sources of Roman History
3. Early Roman History
4. Early Rome: External Relations
5. The Rise of Rome: How Did it Happen?
6. The Conquest of the Western Mediterranean
7. Roman Expansion After Hannibal

Part Two: The Fall of the Roman Republic

8. The Consequences of Empire
9. The Crisis of the Gracchi
10. After the Gracchi
11. The Fall of the Republic

Part Three: The Principate of Augustus

12.   The Augustan Settlement

Part Four: Making the Augustan Settlement Permanent

13.   The Julio-Claudians: Tiberius to Nero

14.   From Nero to Commodus

Part Five: The Roman Empire: What Held It Together?

15.   What Held the Empire Together: Institutional Factors

16.   What Held the Empire Together: Social and Cultural Factors

Part Six: Rome on the Defense: The Third Century A.D.

17.   Rome on the Defense

18.   The Challenge of Monotheism

Part Seven: The World of Late Antiquity

19.   Recovery and Transformation

20.   Final Transformations East and West